??? ?? ?? ???????????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Microneedle patches have emerged as a promising drug delivery system, offering a minimally invasive and pain-free alternative to traditional injection methods. These transdermal patches are comprised of tiny needles embedded in a substrate matrix that gradually dissolves upon application to the skin. The microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum,